Zusammenfassung
Distale Harnröhrenstrikturen bezeichnen Meatusengen und glanduläre Harnröhrenstrikturen und entstehen aufgrund von Traumata, iatrogener Instrumentalisierung, Infektionen, Dermatosen wie Lichen sclerosus oder idiopathisch. Mit anteilig 18 % der Strikturen des anterioren Harnröhrensegments (bulbäre, penile und glanduläre Harnröhre) machen distale Harnröhrenstrikturen eine relevante Subgruppe aller Harnröhrenstrikturen aus. In den Industrieländern wird die Prävalenz auf ca. 0,6–0,9 % geschätzt, was sich auf die Erkrankung von ca. 250.000 Männern in Deutschland umrechnen lässt. Ohne Therapie kann es zu einer funktionellen Schädigung der Nieren und harnleitenden Organe sowie zu einer Verminderung der Lebensqualität kommen. Nur durch operative Intervention kann der gewünschte Therapieerfolg einer suffizienten Miktion via naturalis sowie eines zufriedenstellenden, kosmetischen Ergebnisses zustande kommen. Neben der Bougierung und der Urethrotomie kann eine Behandlung mittels ein- oder mehrzeitiger, offener Harnröhrenrekonstruktion mit Transplantation von autogenem, genitalem oder nicht-genitalem Gewebe erfolgen. Die Wahl des geeigneten Therapiekonzepts hängt von der Ätiologie der Striktur, den Komorbiditäten sowie der Compliance des Patienten ab. Liegt z. B. eine Lichen-sclerosus-Erkrankung vor, so sollte eine Verwendung von Genitalhaut möglichst vermieden werden. Auch wenn anhand der aktuellen Studienlage im Weiteren keine klare Empfehlung gegeben werden kann, so zeigt die Verwendung von Mundschleimhaut die bisher vielversprechendsten Ergebnisse mit den niedrigsten Rezidivraten und wird als aktueller Goldstandard angesehen.
Abstract
Distal urethral strictures comprise meatal or glandular stenoses and occur due to trauma, iatrogenic instrumentalization, infection, skin diseases such as lichen sclerosus or idiopathically. Given that 18% of anterior strictures (bulbar, penile, or glandular) are located in the very distal part, meatal/glandular stricture disease represents a non-negligible subgroup among all urethral strictures. The prevalence within Western industrialized countries is estimated to be approximately 0.6–0.9%, which translates into a total of 250,000 men being affected in Germany. Without any therapy, there is a severe risk of functional damage to the kidneys and the remaining urinary tract as well as significant reduction of quality of life. The therapeutic success of regaining sufficient micturition and a satisfying cosmetic result can only be obtained by means of surgical intervention. Besides dilatation and urethrotomy, preferably a single or multiple staged open urethroplasty with transplantation of autogenous genital or non-genital tissue can be performed. The choice of the appropriate surgical concept depends on stricture etiology, comorbidity status, and the patient’s compliance. In case of histologically diagnosed lichen sclerosus, the use of genital skin should be avoided. To date, there are no universally accepted recommendations regarding the optimal use of substitution techniques. However, the use of oral mucosal tissue grafts seem to be the most promising, given low recurrence rates, and thus can be considered as the current gold standard.


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S. Zeller, M.W. Vetterlein, M. Fisch und L. A. Kluth geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Zeller, S., Vetterlein, M.W., Fisch, M. et al. Meatusenge und glanduläre Harnröhrenstriktur. Urologe 57, 11–16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-017-0555-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-017-0555-5