Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- und Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) in der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie: Erfassung der ADHS-12-Monatsprävalenz, der Risikofaktoren und Komorbidität bei ADHS

 

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Zusammenfassung

Anliegen und Methodik Die ADHS-12-Monats-Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Komorbidität wurden an einem Kollektiv vollstationärer psychiatrischer Patienten erfasst.

Ergebnisse Es fanden sich eine ADHS-12 Monats-Prävalenz von 59,0 % (schwere Ausprägung bei 33,1 %), gehäuft komorbide Störungen (Depressionen: 92,9 %, bipolare Störungen: 5,1 %, Angststörungen: 28,6 %, emotional-instabile Persönlichkeitsstörungen: 30,6 %, ängstliche Persönlichkeitsstörungen: 31,6 %, abhängige Persönlichkeitsstörungen: 18,4 %, kombinierte Persönlichkeitsstörungen: 25,5 %, zwanghafte Persönlichkeitsstörungen: 10,2 %, PTBS: 26,5 %, Restless-legs Syndrome: 25,5 %, Adipositas: 24,5 %, Essstörungen: 11,2 %, Teilleistungsstörungen: 45,9 %, Nikotinabhängigkeiten: 51,0 %, Alkoholabhängigkeiten: 4,1 % und Substanzabhängigkeiten: 7,1 %), Risikofaktoren für ADHS, eine hohe genetische Belastung (72,4 %) und Probleme in der psychosozialen Anpassung.

Schlussfolgerungen Aufgrund der erhöhten Prävalenz der ADHS bei stationären psychiatrischen Patienten sollten diese auf das Vorliegen einer ADHS-Diagnose mittels Fragebögen überprüft und komorbide Störungen miterfasst werden.

Abstract

Aims and methods To examine the 12-month prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidity of ADHD in a collective of adult psychiatric patients admitted to an open general ward in a psychiatric hospital in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) over a period of one year (n = 166).

Results The 12-month prevalence of ADHD was 59.0 % (severe symptomatology: 33.1 %), high rates of comorbid disorders (92.9 % depression, 5.1 % bipolar disorder, 28.6 % anxiety disorder, 30.6 % emotional unstable (Borderline) personality disorder, 31.6 % avoidant personality disorder, 18.4 % dependent personality disorder, 25.5 % combined personality disorder, 10.2 % obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, 26.5 % PTSD, 25.5 % restless legs syndrome, 24.5 % adiposity, 11.2 % eating disorder, 45.9 % learning difficulty, 51.0 % nicotine dependency, 4.1 % alcohol dependency, 7.1 % illegal substance dependency), risk factors for ADHD, a high genetic risk (72.4 %) and problems in psychosocial functioning.

Conclusions Because of the high prevalence of ADHD in hospitalized psychiatric patients, it is mandatory to examine these for the presence of ADHD using questionnaires and identify comorbid diseases.

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