Forgotten ureteral stents are a significant clinical issue, often leading to serious complications such as encrustation, stone formation and obstruction. These complications arise from the accumulation of mineral deposits on the stent surface …

On 13 November 2024 an approximately 12 × 8 m color reproduction, created using artificial intelligence (AI), of the faculty painting “Medicine” by Gustav Klimt, which was destroyed in 1945, was presented to the public on the facade of a research …

Infections with SARS-CoV‑2 (COVID-19) have become a global health crisis, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. While around 80% of those infected experience mild to moderate symptoms, about 5% develop critical conditions [ 1 ]. A small …

We present a rare case of a 9-year-old child with acute accommodative comitant esotropia, a form of acquired strabismus caused by excessive smartphone use. Symptoms commonly include double vision, closing or covering one eye when working at close …

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with different immunophenotypes, morphological features, clinical presentations, and outcomes. Therefore, the diversity of NENs can easily confuse clinicians and lead to …

Arthrofibrosis (AF) is one of the most frequent complications after knee surgery, such as anterior cruciate ligament repair or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Concerning the epidemiology, the reported incidences range from 1–35% [ 1 – 6 ]; however …

Hyperglycemia on admission to hospital is relatively frequent (8%), often needs hospitalization (up to 80%) and is an independent predictor of mortality and length of hospital stay [ 1 , 2 ]. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar …

Medizinische Informationen werden von Patient:innen oft unzureichend aufgenommen, insbesondere bei Themen, die Angst auslösen. Gerade in der Palliativversorgung ist es entscheidend, zu erforschen, wie man Menschen am besten über die Vorteile und den Umfang der Versorgung aufklären kann. Kreative Methoden zur Vermittlung solcher Informationen können einen positiven Einfluss haben.

The global population is aging rapidly. The proportion of the population aged ≥ 60 years is expected to double from 2020 to 2050, while the population aged ≥ 80 years is expected to triple [ 1 ]. In addition to the aging population, the proportion …

Aspirin as a class I guideline recommended medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome has been established for decades [1]. As early intake of aspirin is crucial, self-administration of aspirin in acute chest pain might be beneficial when …

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with 1,931,590 new cases registered in 2020 [ 1 ]; however, colorectal cancer can be detected at an early stage and thus prevented [ 2 ]. The gold standard examination for detecting …

A clinical supervisor acts as a gatekeeper by carefully steering students’ access to tasks to ensure the quality of professional services provided by trainees to patients, as a trainer to develop their competence, and as a mentor to support …

A 63-year-old woman with a history of acute myeloid leukemia followed by stem cell transplantation presented with acute heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction with severe ventricular …

Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic infection transmitted to humans through the consumption of undercooked animal products, inhalation of contaminated aerosols, or direct contact with infected animals [ 1 , 2 ]. The disease can affect individuals of …

Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) are of particular concern to trauma surgeons because even small displacements and subsequent incongruencies mainly in the subtalar joint are associated with a poor long-term outcome. Due to the …

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequent form of acute leukemia in adults. While the prognosis is still dismal for many AML patients, the recent progress in diagnostics and risk stratification combined with the emergence and approval of …

While osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignancies of bones, which mainly occur in children, adolescents, and young adults (below 24 years) [ 1 , 2 ], they are rare representing less than 1% of all malignant cancers diagnosed in the USA [ …3

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) antibody treatment has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), targeting the accumulation of Aβ plaques, which are a hallmark of the disease. This review provides an update on recent …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy among men globally [ 1 ]. In Austria PCa accounts for approximately one quarter of all new malignant neoplasms diagnosed in males and is responsible for nearly one eighth of all cancer …

Peritoneal mesothelioma (PM) is a rare disease originating from the serosal layer of the peritoneum. Various subtypes can be distinguished histologically that vary according to their malignant potential [ 1 ]. While diffuse malignant peritoneal …

The development of monoclonal anti-amyloid antibodies, a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has raised the necessity to identify the epidemiological profile of the possible target patients who would benefit from such …

Have you ever wondered what your subconscious mind is truly capable of? We often enter spontaneous trances, natural states that help our minds process and heal in the background. This year, we celebrate not only the 30th anniversary of the new …

Research involving human subjects or identifiable human material and data must be assessed by an ethics committee. The Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences has established a Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity to evaluate …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a new and successful treatment for otherwise refractory malignancies but despite the growing number of applications, this form of treatment is still associated with significant toxicity. Cytokine …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a paradigmatic example of the evolving landscape of cancer treatment. With advances in therapeutic modalities, including novel targeted agents and immunotherapies, patients diagnosed with MM are now experiencing prolonged …

Colorectal deep endometriosis (DE) affects 3–20% of women of reproductive age [ 1 , 2 ]. Patients with deep endometriosis have several treatment options including surgery. This may involve partial, full-thickness discoid resection (FTDR) or …

Dementia is emerging as one of the most serious problems in care of old people. As the mean age of the population increases, the incidence and prevalence of this condition continue to steadily rise worldwide [ 1 ]. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the …

With approximately 1 in 2000–3000 individuals affected, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes [ 1 ]. Approximately 50% of patients inherit the disorder in an autosomal dominant way, while the remaining …

While mortality rates from advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) are rapidly increasing, patients with an advanced disease stage have a comparable or even higher symptom burden than those with other life-limiting diseases. Although evidence is …

Shoulder pain is one major reason for primary care consultations, concerning 16–21% of the general population and with many cases remaining for years. Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is one of the most prevalent causes of shoulder pain. Its …

Gastroesophageal cancer is a devastating disease with high mortality rates worldwide particularly in younger patients [ 1 ]. Moreover, the longstanding belief that the prevalence is highest in Asian patients due to lifestyle and environmental …

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), characterized by headaches worsening in an upright position due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks or low CSF pressure, presents diagnostic challenges due to its rarity (5 cases per 100,000 person-years) …

This article delves into the beginnings of the dissection course, a teaching practice which today is still in place in Vienna and continues to shape future medical practitioners. Based on a comparison of different historical sources the article …

Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is defined by the International Continence Society as urinary urgency, with or without urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia in the absence of urinary tract …

Smartphones are undoubtedly one of the greatest inventions of recent times. These devices enable us to do much more than communicate; we can play games, listen to music, surf the internet, and perform many other activities [ 1 ]. Smartphones make …

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are an approved class of antilipemic agents that have emerged as therapeutic options for patients unable to achieve the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) target or to tolerate …

Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders, including affective and psychotic disorders as well as older citizens with dementia are frequently admitted to nursing homes due to a compromised physical and mental health [ 1 , 2 ]. In light of …

While glucocorticoids remain the standard first-line treatment for chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (CIEP), the long-term use is marred by significant side effects. This case study explores the effectiveness of mepolizumab, an …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 1.9 million new cases annually [ 1 ]. Despite the implementation of screening programs, a better understanding of the underlying …

RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation and synovial joint destruction. It affects approximately 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence among women [ 1 ]. While RA primarily targets the joints …

Digitalization entered the healthcare sector years ago, and the number of digital applications is growing rapidly. This increasing number of future digital health applications can easily be seen in the application process of the US Food and Drug …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical multiarticular synovitis. Inflammatory cell infiltration results in the degeneration of synovitis, articular cartilage, and bone [ 1 , 2 ]. RA primarily …

Stroke resulting from large vessel occlusion (LVO) of the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a devastating disease and a significant contributor to loss of independence [ 1 ]. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) as a reperfusion procedure for …

The most prominent and causal risk factor for cardiovascular events and progression of cardiovascular disease is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [ 1 ]. Hence, historical guidelines have consistently advised the regulation of LDL‑C [ 2 …3

Already in 1972, Friedmann and Roblin hypothesized that genetic modification might be the way to cure hereditary diseases [ 1 ]. Following many years of scientific groundwork and technical advancements, the first clinical gene therapy studies …

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths and the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide [ 1 ]. As in the rest of the world, lung cancer is a major health burden in Austria comprising 19% of all cancer deaths. With …

Modern electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the approval of nasal esketamine for clinical use have significantly improved the approach to treatment-resistant depression (TRD), which is defined as non-response to at least two different courses of …