Skip to main content
Home
Zeitschriften
Zeitungen
Podcast
Gesundheitspolitik
Praxis
Allerlei
Jobs
Fachgebiete
Allgemeinmedizin Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin Apotheke Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kinder & Jugendheilkunde Neurologie & Psychiatrie Orthopädie & Unfallchirurgie Pflege Urologie Zahnmedizin
Subfächer Innere Medizin
Diabetologie Gastroenterologie Infektiologie Kardiologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Pneumologie Rheumatologie
Fortbildungen
Überblick Fortbildungen DFP-Literaturstudium-Artikel DFP-Webcast Fortbildungen DFP-Podcasts
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
Erschienen in:

01.12.2016 | geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine

Muscle wasting in heart failure

The role of nutrition

verfasst von: Masakazu Saitoh, PhD, Marcelo Rodrigues dos Santos, PhD, Stephan von Haehling, MD, PhD

Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift | Sonderheft 7/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

Muscle wasting and malnutrition are common complications in patients with advanced heart failure (HF); however, both remain underdiagnosed and undertreated although they both play relevant roles in the progression of HF. The risk of muscle wasting in patients with HF increases in those patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. Muscle wasting and malnutrition are thought to be positively influenced by adequate therapeutic interventions such as physical activity and nutritional support. Consequently, early detection of malnutrition in patients with HF is recommended. This review discusses muscle wasting and nutritional status, describing the effects of malnutrition on muscle wasting in patients with HF. We review specific issues related to muscle wasting and nutritional status in patients with HF; however, no established strategies currently exist to focus on patients suffering from muscle wasting with malnutrition.
Vorheriger Artikel Publication trends in cachexia and sarcopenia in elderly heart failure patients
Nächster Artikel Heart failure management in the elderly – a public health challenge
Literatur
1.
Bekfani T, Pellicori P, Morris DA, et al. Sarcopenia in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Impact on muscle strength, exercise capacity and quality of life. Int J Cardiol. 2016;222:41–6.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Lainscak M, Filippatos GS, Gheorghiade M, Fonarow GC, Anker SD. Cachexia: common, deadly, with an urgent need for precise definition and new therapies. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(11A):8E–10E.PubMedCrossRef
3.
4.
Brown JC, Harhay MO, Harhay MN. Sarcopenia and mortality among a population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):290–8.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Koca I, Savas E, Ozturk ZA, et al. The evaluation in terms of sarcopenia of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2015; doi:10.​1007/​s00508-015-0821-8.
6.
Jones SE, Maddocks M, Kon SS, Canavan JL, Nolan CM, Clark AL, et al. Sarcopenia in COPD: prevalence, clinical correlates and response to pulmonary rehabilitation. Thorax. 2015;70:213–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Foley RN, Wang C, Ishani A, Collins AJ, Murray AM. Kidney function and sarcopenia in the United States general population: NHANES III. Am J Nephrol. 2007;27:279–86.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Muscaritoli M, Anker SD, Argilés J, et al. Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics”. Clin Nutr. 2010;29:154–9.PubMedCrossRef
9.
von Haehling S. The wasting continuum in heart failure: from sarcopenia to cachexia. Proc Nutr Soc. 2015;74(4):367–77.CrossRef
10.
Htun NC, Ishikawa-Takata K, Kuroda A, et al. Screening for malnutrition in community dwelling older japanese: preliminary development and evaluation of the japanese Nutritional Risk Screening Tool (NRST). J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(2):114–20.PubMedCrossRef
11.
12.
Rahman A, Jafry S, Jeejeebhoy K, et al. Malnutrition and cachexia in heart failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(4):475–86.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Wells JL, Dumbrell AC. Nutrition and aging: assessment and treatment of compromised nutritional status in frail elderly patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(1):67–79.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. J Nutr. 1997;127(Suppl):990 S–991 S.PubMed
15.
von Haehling S, Morley JE, Anker SD. An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:129–33.CrossRef
16.
Morley JE, Kim MJ, Haren MT, et al. Frailty and the aging male. Aging Male. 2005;8:135–40.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Trobec K, von Haehling S, Anker SD, et al. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin signaling – a pharmacological target in body wasting and cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011;2(4):191–200.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Olaya B, et al. Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi-continent study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):312–21.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Gao L, Jiang J, Yang M, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in chinese community-dwelling elderly: comparison between rural and urban areas. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(11):1003.e1–1003.e6.CrossRef
20.
Cederholm T, Bosaeus I, Barazzoni R, et al. Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition – An ESPEN Consensus Statement. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(3):335–40.PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412–23.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Anker SD, Ponikowski PP, Clark AL, et al. Cytokines and neurohormones relating to body composition alterations in the wasting syndrome of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:683–93.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Fülster S, Tacke M, Sandek A, et al. Muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the studies investigating co-morbidities aggravating heart failure (SICA-HF). Eur Heart J. 2013;34:512–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Delmonico MJ, Harris TB, Lee JS, et al. Alternative definitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and functional impairment with aging in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:769–74.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:1059–64.PubMedCrossRef
27.
28.
Morley JE, von Haehling S, Anker SD, et al. From sarcopenia to frailty: a road less traveled. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5(1):5–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Calvani R, Marini F, Cesari M, et al. Biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia: state of the science and future developments. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(4):278–86.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
Morley JE, Baumgartner RN, Roubenoff R, et al. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med. 2001;137:231–43.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:889–96.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Baumgartner RN, Wayne SJ, Waters DL, et al. Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes Res. 2004;12(12):1995–2004.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, et al. Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12:249e256.CrossRef
34.
Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(2):95–101.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Dupuy C, Lauwers-Cances V, Guyonnet S, et al. Searching for a relevant definition of sarcopenia: results from the cross-sectional EPIDOS study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(2):144–54.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Morley JE, Abbatecola AM, Argiles JM, et al. Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12(6):403–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Stenholm S, Harris TB, Rantanen T, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11:693–700.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Mangner N, Weikert B, Bowen TS, et al. Skeletal muscle alterations in chronic heart failure: differential effects on quadriceps and diaphragm. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(4):381–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet. 2015;386(9990):266–73.PubMedCrossRef
40.
41.
Rantanen T, Masaki K, Foley D, et al. Grip strength changes over 27 yr in Japanese – American men. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85:2047–53.PubMed
42.
Rittweger J, Beller G, Ehrig J, et al. Bone-muscle strength indices for the human lower leg. Bone. 2000;27:319–26.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Laurentani F, Russo C, Bandinelli S, et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:1851–60.CrossRef
44.
Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M146–56.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Abellan van Kan G, Rolland Y, Onder G, et al. Gait speed as a marker of adverse outcomes. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13:881–9.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Lo AX, Donnelly JP, McGwin G Jr, et al. Impact of gait speed and instrumental activities of daily living on all-cause mortality in adults ≥65 years with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(6):797–801.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
48.
Drescher C, Konishi M, Ebner N, et al. Loss of muscle mass: current developments in cachexia and sarcopenia focused on biomarkers and treatment. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(4):303–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Marzetti E, Lees HA, Wohlgemuth SE, Leeuwenburgh C. Sarcopenia of aging: underlying cellular mechanisms and protection by calorie restriction. Biofactors. 2009;35(1):28–35.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Steinbeck L, Nbner N, Valentova M, et al. Detection of muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure using C‑terminal agrin fragment: results from the Studies Investigating Co-morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure (SICA-HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17:1283–93.PubMedCrossRef
51.
van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Lonterman-Monasch S, de Vries OJ, et al. Prevalence and determinants for malnutrition in geriatric outpatients. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(6):1007–11.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Aquilani R, Opasich C, Verri M, et al. Is nutritional intake adequate in chronic heart failure patients? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1218–23.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Freeman LM, Roubenoff R. The nutrition implications of cardiac cachexia. Nutr Rev. 1994;52:340–7.PubMedCrossRef
54.
van Norren K, Rusli F, van Dijk M, et al. Behavioural changes are a major contributing factor in the reduction of sarcopenia in caloric-restricted ageing mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(3):253–68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
Wakabayashi H, Sakuma K. Rehabilitation nutrition for sarcopenia with disability: a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5:269–77.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
57.
von Haehling S, Doehner W, Anker SD. Nutrition, metabolism, and the complex pathophysiology of cachexia in chronic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73(2):298–309.CrossRef
58.
Landi F, Liperoti R, Russo A, et al. Association of anorexia with sarcopenia in a community-dwelling elderly population: results from the ilSIRENTE study. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(3):1261–8.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cardiac cachexia: a syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation. Chest. 1999;115(3):836–47.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Andreae C, Strömberg A, Årestedt K. Prevalence and associated factors for decreased appetite among patients with stable heart failure. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25:1703–12.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Correia MI, Waitzberg DL. The impact of malnutrition on morbidity. Mortality, length of hospital stay and costs evaluated through a multivariate model analysis. Clin Nutr. 2003;22(3):235–9.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Obiesan T, Toth MJ, Kendall D. Energy expenditure and symptom severity in men with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:1250–2.CrossRef
63.
Tacke M, Ebner N, Boschmann M, et al. Resting energy expenditure and the effects of muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the Studies Investigating Comorbidities Aggravating Heart Failure (SICA-HF). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(11):837–41.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Sandek A, Bauditz J, Swidsinski A, et al. Altered intestinal function in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1561–9.PubMedCrossRef
65.
King D, Smith ML, Chapman TJ, et al. Fat malabsorption in elderly patients with cardiac cachexia. Age Ageing. 1996;25:144–9.PubMedCrossRef
66.
King D, Smith ML, Lye M. Gastro intestinal protein loss in elderly patients with cardiac cachexia. Age Ageing. 1996;25:221–3.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Gielen E, O’Neill TW, Pye SR, et al. Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly European men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(3):242–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
Matsuo Y, Gleitsmann K, Mangner N, et al. Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 expression in skeletal muscle in chronic heart failure-relevance of inflammatory cytokines. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(1):62–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
69.
Doehner W, Pflaum CD, Rauchhaus M, et al. Leptin, insulin sensitivity and growth hormone binding protein in chronic heart failure with and without cardiac cachexia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;145:727–35.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Wren AM, Small CJ, Ward HL, et al. The novel hypothalamic peptide ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. Endocrinology. 2000;141:4325–8.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Nagaya N, Uematsu M, Kojima M, et al. Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure: relationships between ghrelin and anabolic/catabolic factors. Circulation. 2001;104:2034–8.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Suskin N, McKelvie RS, Burns RJ, et al. Glucose and insulin abnormalities relate to functional capacity in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1368–75.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Godsland IF, et al. Insulin resistance in moderate chronic heart failure is related to hyperleptinaemia, but not to norepinephrine or TNF-alpha. Int J Cardiol. 2002;83(1):73–81.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, et al. Educational and clinical practice committee, European society of parenteral and enteral nutrition (ESPEN). ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening. Clin Nutr. 2002;2003(22):415e21.
75.
Elia M. Screening for malnutrition: A multidisciplinary responsibility. Development and Use of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (‘MUST’) for Adults. Redditch: BAPEN; 2003.
76.
Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, et al. Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr. 2003;22:321–36.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salvà A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(6):M366-72.
78.
Kinugasa Y, Kato M, Sugihara S, et al. Geriatric nutritional risk index predicts functional dependency and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circ J. 2013;77(3):705–11.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Adejumo OL, Koelling TM, Hummel S. Nutritional Risk Index predicts mortality in hospitalized advanced heart failure patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015;34(11):1385–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
80.
Al-Najjar Y, Clark AL. Predicting outcome in patients with left ventricular systolic chronic heart failure using a nutritional risk index. Am J Cardiol. 2012;109:1315–20.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Aziz EF, Javed F, Pratap B, et al. Malnutrition as assessed by nutritional risk index is associated with worse outcome in patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure: an ACAP-HF data analysis. Heart Int. 2011;6:e2.PubMedPubMedCentral
82.
Narumi T, Arimoto T, Funayama A, et al. Prognostic importance of objective nutritional indexes in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiol. 2013;62(5):307–13.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Bonilla-Palomas JL, Gámez-López AL, Anguita-Sánchez MP, et al. Impact of malnutrition on long-term mortality in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011;64:752–8.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Gustafsson F, Kragelund CB, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Effect of obesity and being overweight on long-term mortality in congestive heart failure: influence of left ventricular systolic function. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(1):58–64.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Kenchaiah S, Pocock SJ, Wang D, et al. Body mass index and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure: insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) Program. Circulation. 2007;116(6):627–36.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Horwich TB, Kalantar-Zadeh K, MacLellan RW, et al. Albumin levels predict survival in patients with systolic heart failure. Am Heart J. 2008;155:883–9.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Omran ML, Morley JE. Assessment of protein energy malnutrition in older persons, part I: History, examination, body composition, and screening tools. Nutrition. 2000;16:50–63.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Omran ML, Morley JE. Assessment of protein energy malnutrition in older persons, Part II: Laboratory evaluation. Nutrition. 2000;16:131–40.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Antlanger M, Hecking M, Haidinger M, et al. Fluid overload in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study to determine its association with cardiac biomarkers and nutritional status. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:266.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
90.
van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Guaitoli PR, Jansma EP, et al. Nutrition screening tools: does one size fit all? A systematic review of screening tools for the hospital setting. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(1):39–58.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Nicol S, Carroll D, Homeyer C, et al. The identification of malnutrition in heart failure patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2002;1:139–47.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Broqvist M, Arnqvist H, Dahlstrom U, et al. Nutritional assessment and muscle energy metabolism in severe congestive heart failure: effects of long-term dietary supplementation. Eur Heart J. 1994;15:1641–50.PubMed
93.
Deutz NE, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, et al. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr. 2014;33:929–36.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
94.
Aquilani R, Opasich C, Gualco A, et al. Adequate energy-protein intake is not enough to improve nutritional and metabolic status in muscle-depleted patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(11):1127–35.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Kimball SR, Fabian JR, Pavitt GD, et al. Regulation of guanine nucleotide exchange through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2alpha. Role of the alpha and delta-subunits of eiF2b. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:12841–5.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Wang X, Campbell LE, Miller CM, et al. Amino acid availability regulates p70S6 kinase and multiple translation factors. Biochem J. 1998;334:261–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
97.
Volpi E, Ferrando AA, Yeckel CW, et al. Exogenous amino acids stimulate net muscle protein synthesis in the elderly. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:2000–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
98.
Anker SD, Negassa A, Coats AJS, et al. Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. Lancet. 2003;361(9363):1077–83.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Adigun AQ, Ajayi AL. The effects of enalapril-digoxin-diuretic combination therapy on nutritional and anthropometric indices in chronic congestive heart failure: preliminary findings in cardiac cachexia. Eur J Heart Fail. 2001;3(3):359–63.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Stewart Coats AJ, Ho GF, Prabhash K, et al. Espindolol for the treatment and prevention of cachexia in patients with stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicentre phase II study (the ACT-ONE trial). J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):355–65.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
101.
von Haehling S, Lainscak M, Springer J, et al. Cardiac cachexia: a systematic overview. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;121(3):227–52.CrossRef
102.
Lainscak M, Keber I, Anker SD. Body composition changes in patients with systolic heart failure treated with beta blockers: a pilot study. Int J Cardiol. 2006;106(3):319–22.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Springer J, Tschirner A, Haghikia A, et al. Prevention of liver cancer cachexia-induced cardiac wasting and heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(14):932–41.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Trobec K, Kerec Kos M, von Haehling S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of drugs in cachectic patients: a systematic review. PLOS ONE. 2013;8(11):e79603.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
105.
Cvan Trobec K, Kerec Kos M, Trontelj J, et al. Influence of cancer cachexia on drug liver metabolism and renal elimination in rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(1):45–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
106.
Cvan Trobec K, Grabnar I, Kerec Kos M, et al. Bisoprolol pharmacokinetics and body composition in patients with chronic heart failure: a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;72(7):813–22.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Gullett NP, Hebbar G, Ziegler TR. Update on clinical trials of growth factors and anabolic steroids in cachexia and wasting. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):1143 S–1147 S.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
108.
Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, et al. Effect of long-acting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity, skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:919e927.CrossRef
109.
Iellamo F, Volterrani M, Caminiti G, et al. Testosterone therapy in women with chronic heart failure: A pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1310e1316.CrossRef
110.
Toma M, McAlister FA, Coglianese EE, et al. Testosterone supplementation in heart failure: a meta-analysis. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5(3):315–21.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Tschop M, Weyer C, Tataranni PA, et al. Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity. Diabetes. 2001;50:707–9.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Nagaya N, Moriya J, Yasumura Y, et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2004;110:3674–9.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Sidney S. Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(11):64 S–70 S.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Ebner N, Elsner S, Springer J, et al. Molecular mechanisms and treatment targets of muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure: an overview. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2013;8:15–24.CrossRef
115.
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2129–200. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehw128.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Bowen TS, Schuler G, Adams V. Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(3):197–207.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
117.
Martone AM, Lattanzio F, Abbatecola AM, et al. Treating sarcopenia in older and oldest old. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(13):1715–22.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Dos Santos MR, Sayegh AL, Bacurau AV, et al. Effect of exercise training and testosterone replacement on skeletal muscle wasting in patients with heart failure with testosterone deficiency. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(5):575–86.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Iolascon G, Di Pietro G, Gimigliano F, et al. Physical exercise and sarcopenia in older people: position paper of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Medicine (OrtoMed). Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2014;11(3):215–21.PubMedPubMedCentral
120.
Breen L, Philp A, Shaw CS, et al. Beneficial effects of resistance exercise on glycemic control are not further improved by protein ingestion. PLOS ONE. 2011;6(6):e20613.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
121.
Yang Y, Breen L, Burd NA, et al. Resistance exercise enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis with graded in-takes of whey protein in older men. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(10):1780–8.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Visvanathan R, Chapman I. Preventing sarcopaenia in older people. Maturitas. 2010;66(4):383–8.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Tieland M, Dirks ML, van der Zwaluw N, et al. Protein supplementation increases muscle mass gain during prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail elderly people: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13(8):713–9.PubMedCrossRef
124.
Franco MR, Tong A, Howard K, et al. Older people’s perspectives on participation in physical activity: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(19):1268–76.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Muscle wasting in heart failure
The role of nutrition
verfasst von
Masakazu Saitoh, PhD
Marcelo Rodrigues dos Santos, PhD
Stephan von Haehling, MD, PhD
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2016
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe Sonderheft 7/2016
Print ISSN: 0043-5325
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-016-1100-z

Weitere Artikel der Sonderheft 7/2016

Frailty and sarcopenia in elderly

  • geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine

Audit of geriatric hip fracture care – a Slovenian trauma center analysis

  • geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine

Comparison of HE4 and CA125 levels in women with benign gynecologic disorders

  • geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine

Mortality and readmissions in heart failure: an analysis of 36,824 elderly patients from the Slovenian national hospitalization database

  • geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine

Heart failure management in the elderly – a public health challenge

  • geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine

Psychocardiology in the elderly

  • geriatrics: at crossroads of medicine