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Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
Erschienen in:

01.01.2014 | themenschwerpunkt

Was Ethanolmetabolite als Biomarker über Alkoholkonsum aussagen

verfasst von: Univ. Prof. Dr. med. Friedrich Martin Wurst, Mag. Natasha Thon, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Weinmann, Michel Yegles, PhD, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Preuss

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 1-2/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Alkoholbezogene Störungen und Störungen durch Tabakkonsum sind in Mitteleuropa die zwei häufigsten und teuersten Krankheitsursachen. In Ergänzung zu Selbstangaben sind Biomarker von Bedeutung in Diagnose und Therapie alkoholbezogener Störungen. Traditionelle Biomarker wie Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) und mittleres korpuskuläres Volumen (MCV) sind indirekte Zustandsmarker und werden durch Alter, Geschlecht und nicht-Alkoholbezogene Erkrankungen beeinflusst.
Als direkte Stoffwechselprodukte von Alkohol zeichnen sich Ethanolmetabolite wie Ethylglukuronid (EtG), Ethylsulfat (EtS) und Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) durch hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität aus. Darüber hinaus decken sie ein komplementäres Zeitfenster des Konsumnachweises ab und werden seit einigen Jahren zunehmend routinemäßig eingesetzt. Ethanolmetabolite sind im Serum für Stunden, im Urin für bis zu sieben Tage, im Vollblut über zwei Wochen und in Haaren über Monate nachweisbar. Zu den Anwendungsbereichen gehören klinisch routinemäßige Anwendungen, der Einsatz in notfallmedizinischen Kontexten, Abstinenznachweis in Alkoholbehandlungsprogrammen, bei Fahreignungsuntersuchungen, Lebertransplantationen, betrieblicher Gesundheitsprävention sowie die Verwendung zur Abschätzung des Alkoholkonsums während der Schwangerschaft im Zusammenhang mit dem fetalen Alkoholsyndrom.
Vorheriger Artikel Alcohol and bone
Nächster Artikel Ethik und ärztliches Ethos im Medizinstudium und im Gesundheitswesen
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Metadaten
Titel
Was Ethanolmetabolite als Biomarker über Alkoholkonsum aussagen
verfasst von
Univ. Prof. Dr. med. Friedrich Martin Wurst
Mag. Natasha Thon
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Weinmann
Michel Yegles, PhD
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Preuss
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2014
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 1-2/2014
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-013-0254-9

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